Industrial Equipment Globalized

cndrll_1613 asked:


Five Year Plans
Somewhere around the late 1920’s Stalin decided it was time for Russia to modernize. As he said, “Other countries are fifty years ahead of Russia. We must make this up in ten years. Either we do this or they will crush us”. Stalin’s advisors confirmed his worries in saying that the Soviet Union would need an extra 250 000 tractors in order for this modernization to become possible. They would also need to develop the oil fields to provide the necessary petrol for the tractors to be driven and the farms needed electricity, so power stations would have to be built. Stalin organized a series of five year plans that would eventually (considering the goals of these plans were met) turn Russia into a much more industrialized country than ever before. There were five main five year plans, but thirteen in total. However, the thirteenth was never put into action because Stalin passed away.
The first five year plan (“revolution from above”) was introduced in 1928, and achieved in 1932. The purpose was to increase the production of iron and steel, machine tools, electric power and transportation. To do this the country would need large amounts of money and industrial equipment, Russia had neither. “The only way to obtain the money and industrial equipment necessary for this plan to take place was to increase the amount of grain and minerals exported.” (Arnold, Phyllis A and David J. Rees. Russia, Then and Now. Scarborough: Arnold Publishing Ltd, 1993.) At this time grain prices were very low.
In early 1929, Stalin ordered that all private farms belonging to the peasants be taken and made into collective farms. This was known as collectivization. Stalin believed that it would be more efficient to have more people working on bigger farms than fewer people working on smaller farms. His theory was correct, but the peasants were not as cooperative as he had hoped. The peasants refused to give up their crops or their farm animals to the state, they choose to burn their crops and kill their farm animals instead. The government had to apply force to get them to join the collectives, those who resisted were executed, beaten or sent to labour camps in Siberia.
The first five year plan was achieved in four years rather than five. Over fifteen hundred new factories and cities were built, leading to a huge expansion of energy production (because the new factories and cities needed electricity). Roads were constructed, as were railways and canals. Dams were created and other major projects also led to the improvement of Russia. Manufacturing increased greatly, making it possible for preparations to be made for future wars.
The first five year plan was successful in terms of increasing production, but considering the social aspects, it was not. “The large emphasis on heavy industry meant that consumer goods were in high demand. Shops were empty, clothing was in short supply and many household items were unavailable. More people were moving into the city resulting in there being insufficient medical facilities and schools. Housing became harder to find.” (http://www.library.thinkquest.org/C0112205/stalinrussia.html)
The harder the peasants worked the more Stalin expected. Workers were expected to work harder and longer, more often. The workers did not revolt though, they were paid in food rations. Which meant they would definitely not eat if they did not work. By 1937, over fourteen million Soviet peasants had died due to the events of the first five year plan and the livestock took until 1953 to regains its 1928 level.
The Second five year plan was from 1933 to 1937. It continued the goals of the first plan. The goals became slightly more realistic though and easier to achieve than those of the first plan. The third plan started in 1938 but was interrupted in 1941 by the German invasion of the Soviet Union. All means of production were now controlled by the government, and the standard of living continued to decrease. When World War II ended in 1945, Stalin began the Fourth Five Year Plan. Many towns and villages had been destroyed during the war. So, the main goal of this plan was to rebuild them. The expansion of heavy industry and military productions was also continued. This plan was accomplished in 1950. The fifth plan started in 1951 and ended in 1955. “It continued the development of heavy industries such as aircraft production, chemicals, and oil production.” (Arnold, Phyllis A and David J. Rees. Russia, Then and Now. Scarborough: Arnold Publishing Ltd. 1993.)
These five year plans may not have been easy or fun for the Soviet Union but they did help the country industrialize. By 1955, the Soviet Union had become the world’s second largest industrial producer. The country’s share of world industrial production went from 2.6% in 1917, to over 16% in 1955. The industrial production expanded in Eastern Ukraine, the Urals and Central Russia. The Soviet Union had also established a centrally planned economy and the standard of living was slowly starting to rise. (Arnold, Phyllis A and David J. Rees. Russia, Then and Now. Scarborough: Arnold Publishing Ltd, 1993.)
My indents didn’t show up.. i just copied it from my Microsoft word document.. it would be appreciated if you’d proof read it though.

Ricardo

sharpendblade1 asked:


okay my birthday is sunday and i forgot to grab my books from school on wednesday….. i am going out of town. all i have is this assignment that im supposed to do before i come back to class monday. i did some but these ones i dont know what it is. and without my books im screwed so please help!

1
Marks: 1

Charitable aid organizations that helped immigrants cope with problems were known as
Choose one answer.
a. Settlement houses.
b. Benevolent societies.
c. Victorians.
d. Insurance companies.
Question 2
Marks: 1

The Immigration Restriction League tried unsuccessfully to impose ___________ on all immigrants.
Choose one answer.
a. A sobriety test
b. A tariff
c. Conspicuous consumption
d. A literacy test
Question 3
Marks: 1

Mass transit changed urban life by
Choose one answer.
a. Narrowing streets.
b. Encouraging the growth of cities and helping create suburbs.
c. Providing a way to get to baseball games.
d. Encouraging the development of elevators.
Question 4
Marks: 1

In the late 1800s, accountants, clerks, engineers, managers, and salespeople became part of
Choose one answer.
a. The labor movement.
b. The upper class.
c. Benevolent societies.
d. The growing middle class.
Question 5
Marks: 1

Much of the literature read by the nouveau riche in the late 1800s reflected the social standards of
Choose one answer.
a. British Victorian culture.
b. The American poor.
c. The French elite.
d. The middle class.
Question 6
Marks: 1

For poor, working-class Americans, city life

Choose one answer.
a. Was made worse by low pay, housing shortages and high rent.
b. Held great appeal thanks to the advent of professional baseball.
c. Led to wealth.
d. Was an improvement over rural life.
Question 7
Marks: 1

The primary goal of the Social Gospel movement was
Choose one answer.
a. To convert Jewish immigrants to Christianity.
b. To provide jobs for women.
c. To develop new priests.
d. To apply Christian principles to social problems.
Question 8
Marks: 1

The primary objective of compulsory education laws was to
Choose one answer.
a. Create teaching jobs for women of the middle class.
b. Require parents to send their children to school.
c. Provide training for doctors.
d. Train children to operate industrial equipment.
Question 9
Marks: 1

The term yellow journalism refers to
Choose one answer.
a. Newspapers that featured color photography.
b. A style of reporting that was sensationalistic.
c. Anti-Asian news reports.
d. The color of the covers on many popular magazines.
Question 10
Marks: 1

_____________ was on the few sports during the Victorian era in which women’s participation was encouraged.
Choose one answer.
a. Soccer
b. Softball
c. Basketball
d. Baseball
Question 11
Marks: 1

Many immigrants travelled to America by steamship in the lower levels of the ship, known as _________.
Choose one answer.
a. Below decks
b. The cheap seats
c. Steerage
d. Second class
Question 12
Marks: 1

In the late 1880s, Congress passed a law making immigration illegal for what ethnic group?
Choose one answer.
a. Irish
b. Italians
c. Chinese
d. Poles
Question 13
Marks: 1

What two technological advancements led to the development of taller buildings in cities?
Choose one answer.
a. Elevators and escalators
b. Elevators and steel frame construction
c. Steel frame construction and fire escapes
d. Stair masters and treadmills
Question 14
Marks: 1

Which of the following was NOT a possible reason that a younger immigrant was more likely to become more “Americanized” than an older immigrant?
Choose one answer.
a. Younger immigrants spent less time in the Old Country.
b. Younger immigrants tended to believe that the ways of the Old Country were “old fashioned.”
c. Younger immigrants were forced to take English classes at places like Ellis Island.
d. Younger immigrants were more likely to attain training due to a longer life expectancy.
Question 15
Marks: 1

Which city boasted the first professional baseball team?
Choose one answer.
a. New York
b. Cincinnati
c. Boston
d. Detroit
Question 16
Marks: 1

____________ is the free and public spending of great wealth in order to impress others.
Choose one answer.
a. Conspicuous consumption
b. Gospel of Wealth
c. Vaudeville
d. Social Gospel
Question 17
Marks: 1

New immigrants and old immigrants were different in the following ways EXCEPT
Choose one answer.
a. Religion
b. Language
c. Ethnic origin
d. Reasons for coming to America
Question 18
Marks: 1

Many people objected to the game of ________________ as it grew in popularity in the late 1800s.
Choose one answer.
a. Baseball
b. Football
c. Basketball
d. Volleyball
Question 19

Darren

HI asked:


1.After about 1825, factories began to be located near

A.rivers.
B.coal mines.
C.the ocean.
D.cotton fields.
2.Which of the following natural resources was most important for the early development of industry in Great Britain?

A.coal
B.iron ore
C.water
D.timber
3.John Kay’s invention of the “flying shuttle” led to

A.the expansion of slavery in Great Britain.
B.the invention of the spinning jenny.
C.a rise in the price of cloth.
D.many weavers losing their jobs.
4.Which of the following countries was the first to industrialize?

A.The United States
B.Great Britain
C.France
D.Japan
5.How did industrialization hurt skilled craft workers working in the cottage industry?

A.It led to the creation of unions.
B.It led to a shortage of raw materials.
C.It shifted populations from the countryside to the city.
D.It undercut prices for their products.
6.Which of the following was an effect of the factory system on both workers and society?

A.More people joined the middle class.
B.Workers became more skilled.
C.The price of products increased.
D.Workers dealt directly with merchants.
7.Mass production, which created an increase in the quantity of goods produced, led to

A.more consumer goods available to more people.
B.the need for skilled men to operate machinery.
C.an increase in the cost of factory-made goods.
D.an increase in the number of workers needed by factories.
8._____________________ enabled the United States to industrialize rapidly.

A.A wealth of natural resources and a large labor force
B.The importation of industrial equipment from Europe
C.A strong U.S. Navy and Merchant Marine
D.The criminalization of the labor movement
9.Industrialization had which of the following effects on middle-class people?

A.They worked harder than ever before.
B.They now had time and money to spend on leisure.
C.They became active in the labor movement.
D.Their standard of living decreased.
10.Britain’s colonial empire fueled the development of industry in Britain because

A.the colonies provided raw materials and markets for British products.
B.the war machine required quick and efficient production of goods.
C.the colonies provided slave labor to work in factories.
D.the colonies produced industrial equipment for Britain.
11.Which of the following was a negative result of the growth of the textile industry in Great Britain?

A.Fewer cotton farms in Great Britain
B.The huge population growth in the country
C.The expansion of agriculture in India
D.The spread of slavery in the United States
12.A region in northwestern England became known as the “black country” because

A.a large number of slaves worked in industry.
B.iron-smelting factories polluted the air.
C.industries located there were all immensely profitable.
D.the sand on the beaches was dark gray.
13.The Luddite movement emerged in order

A.to agitate for the ten-hour day.
B.to oppose industrial changes that were putting weavers out of work.
C.to control strikes in British industries.
D.to abolish child labor in factories.
14.What led to the growth of the middle class?

A.The industry needed managers and other mid-level employees.
B.Profits increased from small, family-owned farms.
C.The prices of manufactured goods increased.
D.There were more universities.
15.The mercantile system in Britain was replaced by

A.entrepreneurship.
B.socialism.
C.department stores.
D.laissez-faire economics.
16.According to Marx and Engels, establishing a society based on cooperation and equal distribution of wealth would require

A.an energy crisis.
B.the development of a wealthy industrial class.
C.universal public education.
D.a revolution.
17.Negative effects of industrialization included crowded, dirty cities and

A.a decrease in the size of the middle class.
B.work that required a few easily learned skills.
C.polluted air and water.
D.greater demand for raw materials.
18.The inventor James Watt developed _________________ that was a crucial innovation in industrialization.

A.a spinning frame
B.an efficient steam engine
C.a cotton gin
D.an assembly line
19.The idea of separate spheres implied that

A.women and men should work side by side in industry.
B.men provided moral guidance in the business world.
C.women stayed home while men financially supported the family.
D.boys and girls should be educated separately.
20.Beginning in the Industrial Revolution, Eli Whitney made the production of cotton more profitable by inventing a machine that

A.produced cotton clothing.
B.spun cotton into thread.
C.harvested cotton plants.
D.removed seeds from raw cotton blossoms.
21.In response to low wages and poor working conditions in factories during the Industrial Revolution, British workers organized into ____________________ in the early 1800s to p

Erica